职称英语历年真题《卫生B》阅读理解精选题

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　　Approaches to Understanding Intelligence

It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.

Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.

Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.

Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.

These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.

Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.

Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists; he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.

These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.

Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic( 身体动的 ) , and naturalistic.

31. What is the main idea of this passage ?

A. The importance of intelligence.

B. The development of intelligence tests.

C. How to understand intelligence.

D. How to become intelligent.

32. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning general intelligence ?

A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.

B. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.

C. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.

D. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.

33. Gardner believes that__________.

A. all children are alike

B. children have different intelligences

C. children should take one intelligence test

D. there is no general intelligence

34. According to Gardner schools should __________.

A. promote development of all intelligences

B. test students who do poorly on tests

C. train students who do poorly on tests

D. focus on finding the most intelligent students

35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a __________.

A. musical foundation

B. intrapersonal foundation

C. linguistic foundation

D. biological foundation

　答案与解析

31.C。主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要大意是什么?利用题干短文的题目“Approaches to Understanding Intelligences”即“理解智力的模式”，可知本文关注的是如何理解智力，因而答案为C。

32.D。细节题。题干：关于普遍智力的说法下列哪一项是正确的?利用题干关键词general intelligence等可以定位到第一段“Some believe there is one general rs believe there are many different intelligences”，即“有的人认为有一种普遍的智力，而其他人则认为有多种类型的'智力”，根据这句话无法确定答案;可以利用定位选项关键词进行解答，分别定位四个选项的关键词可以定位到第二段“…people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other do well on tests using words，numbers or do well on individual or group tests，and written or oral tests”，即“那些在一种类型的智力测验中表现好的人在其他测验中也表现好。他们在使用词汇、数字和图片的测验中表现好。他们无论是在个人的还是团队的测验也表现好，在书面的或口语的测验中也表现好”，由此可知D为正确答案。

33.B。细节题。题干：Gardner认为 __________。利用题干关键词Gardner可以定位到第四段和第五段，但是无法确定相关的原句，所以还需要通过定位选项的关键词来原句的定位。分别定位四个选项的关键词，可以定位到第四段“He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test”，即“他认为所有的孩子都是不同的，而且… 不应该通过一种智力测验进行测验”，由此可知B为正确答案。

34.A。细节题。题干：根据Gardner，学校应该 __________。利用题干关键词Gardner和school可以定位到第四段“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences”，即“Gardner认为学校的目的就是鼓励我们所有人的智力发展”。因而A为正确答案。

35.D。细节题。题干：Gardner认为他的理论有 __________。利用题干关键词Gardner和school可以定位到第五段“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology”，即“Gardner认为他的理论是基于生物学的”，所以D为正确答案。