职称英语历年真题《卫生A》阅读理解精选

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Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

(1) Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

(2) The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took tight after they started serving the army.

The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.

(3) The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ," says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."

(4) By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.

(5) "We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."

(6) The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

36. The researchers in this study come from __________.

A. Aby health centre

B. the Swedish army

C. the National Academy of Sciences

D. a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital

37. Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness?

A. Brain size.

B. Good lung capacity.

C. Clear logical thinking.

D. Muscular strength.

38. By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT __________.

A. cognitive performance

B. heart capacity

C. verbal comprehension

D. emotional behavior

39. The study finding include the following EXCEPT that __________.

A. growth factors are significant for a person's IQ

B. young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests

C. youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education

D. young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ

40. The word "secured" in the last paragraph is closes in meaning to __________.

A. insured B. assured C. obtainedD. studied

　答案与解析

36.D。细节题。题干：这项研究的研究者来自__________。根据题干关键词researcher和study可以定位到第一段和第二段的第二句，可知该研究是在Sahlgrenska Academy和Sahlgrenska University Hospital开展的，研究对象为120万正在服役的瑞典士兵，所以选项D(一所瑞典大学及其附属医院)为正确答案。

37.B。细节判断题。题干：下列哪些是身体健康的表现?利用题干无法定位相关信息，可以改为利用选项关键词进行相关信息的定位。利用选项A的关键词可以定位到第三段“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty ofoxygen”，即“健康意味着你有好的心脏功能和好的肺功能，同时也意味着你的大脑可以吸收很多的氧气”，由此可知健康与大脑的大小无关，同时也可以得出B(良好的肺功能。)是正确答案。

38.D。细节判断题。题干：通过改进身体健康状况，可以改善下列情况，除了__________。该题是典型的细节判断题，所以可以利用选项关键词进行定位和解答。利用选项A的关键词可以定位到第五段的第一句，可知那些在15——18之间改善身体健康的年轻人可以提升他们的认知表现，题干中的nce(题高，增进，增加)与原句improve为同义词替换。定位选项B的关键词可以定位到第三段“Being fit means that you also have good heart”，可知健康意味着你有好的心脏功能;定位选项C的关键词可以定位到第三段的前两句，可知身体健康与逻辑思维和言语理解存在着较大的关联性;利用选项D的关键词进行定位，无法定位到相关信息，由此可知该题答案为D(情感行为)。

39.D。细节判断题。题干：研究发现包括下列情况，除了。该题是典型的细节判断题，所以可以利用选项关键词进行定位和解答。定位选项A的关键词可以定位到第三段的结尾“We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”，即“我们发现成长因素也很重要”;定位选项8的关键词可以定位到第一段，可知一项新的研究发现健康的年轻人智商更高且上大学的可能性更大;定位选项D的关键词可以定位到第三段的最后一句，可知“这就是我们发现智商与健康的清楚的相关性，而不是与肌肉力量有相关性”，由此可知研究发现了选项A、B和C的内容，同时否定了选项D的内容，所以该题答案为D(肌肉型的和强壮的年轻人其智商更高)。

40.C。猜词题。题干：最后一段中“secured”的意思是__________。secure意为“保护，担保，使获得”，分别将四个选项带入语境，发现obtain(取得，获得)比较符合语境，因此该题答案为C(取得)。