职称英语《理工B》阅读理解历年真题精选

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　　More Rural Research Is Needed

Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr.

Tony Fischer, cropscientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.

"The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition ( 营养不良) and poverty." he said.

Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation (贫瘠化) and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world's ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world's population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there'll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattem. If there is any change, aslight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.

The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr.

Fischer said more was needed from all countries.

He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs (有用的副产品 ) for Mexico, China or India.

"Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently." Dr. Fischer said.

Yields of flee, wheatand maize( 玉米)have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. Forexample, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tons per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers,andirrigation, were becoming exhausted. "If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you're going to have to increase yield." Dr. Fischer said.

36. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Shortage of food supplies.

B. Development of agricultural technologies.

C. Impact of agricultural research

D. Expectation of population growth.

37. Which of the following statements is true about the world's agricultural research funding?

A. It is increasing among developed countries.

B. It is decreasing worldwide.

C. Less is demanded from developingcountries.

D. Most of it is spend very efficiently.

38. What is the picture of Asia's food supplies in the first 25 years?

A. Food shortage will not be a problem.

B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.

C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.

D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.

39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies?

A. They are costly. B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.

C. Their application is limited. D. They have to be applied locally.

40. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that __________.

A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities

B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries

C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s

D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed

　答案与解析

36.c。题干：这篇文章的大意是什么?主旨题。根据每段的首尾句，例如“agricultural research funding”，“research is needed”，“crop research”等可知，多数段落讨论的都是有关research的，所以选项C(农业研究的影响)为正确答案。

37.B。题干：下列关于世界农业研究基金的说法正确的是哪一项?判断题。利用题干关键词world’s agricultural research fundin9可以定位到第一段和第二段，从 Fischer的话语中可知“全球对于国际农业研究的投资都在下降，这种状况亟需改变，然后才能在减少营养不良和贫穷方面取得显著进步”，故B(全世界的农业研究基金都在缩减)是正确答案。

38.C。题干：亚洲地区最初25年的食物供应情况为何?细节题。利用题干关键词Asia’s foodsupply和25 years可以定位到第三段的相关句子，从中可知，在Fischer所描绘的全世界食物自给自足的展望中，在最初25年世界人口会从58亿增加到80亿，仍可能会有大量的饥饿人群(a lot ofhungry people)，主要集中在ran Africa和southem Asia，饥饿人群有较大改善的区域是在East Asia，South America和 Asia，由此可以推知C(人口的.增长将导致更多的饥饿人群)是正确答案。

39.B。题干：her认为技术如何?细节题。利用题干关键词technology可以定位第倒数第二段，意为“技术需要予以改善来适应当地的情况，但是很多战略研究则适用于全球”，由此可知B(技术应该予以改善来满足当地的需求)是正确答案。

40.A。题干：从最后一段可以推断出__________。推断题。从最后一段来看，过去30年，大米、小麦和玉米的产量在发展中国家获得了很大增加，同时推动高产量的技术，诸如高产的种类、化肥、灌溉，都已经开始不再有效了(枯竭)，如果想要腾出土地从事其他非农业的活动，则必须提高产量。由此可知B和D与原文信息不一致;B项有较大干扰性，原文是说发展中国家的粮食产量有了很大增加，但并未说比发达国家增加得快，故该题 答案为A(要节省土地去从事非农业的活动)。