翻譯意識和技巧的培養方法

引導語：翻譯意識和技巧的培養方法，由應屆畢業生培訓網整理而成，謝謝您的閲讀。

一、中文和英文的對應詞有時意思並不相同或者不完全相同，不能照字面翻譯。

例如，他的英語説得真好，就像外國人一樣。不是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a foreigner.而是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a native speaker.

拉動經濟增長：不是pull economic growth，而是push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speed up/accelerate/generate/ fire up/ propel/ facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。

素質教育：不是quality education，而是caliber-focused education 或trait-centered education。

二、漢語和英語在語法語序和句子結構上都有很大的差別。

因此，在進行中譯英的時候必須要考慮到這些方面的變化。例如，改革開放開放取得了巨大的成就：不是The economic reform and the opening-up have made great achievements. 而是把“巨大的成就”當作主語，把主動語態變成被動語態：Great achievements have been made in the economic reform and in our efforts to open-up China to the outside world.

三、要對翻譯的重要性有深刻的、充分的認識，翻譯的對與錯、好與壞有時會產生絕然不同的效果。

例如，天涯海角：不是the End of the World (應為Land’s End / End of the Earth) 。再如，一小時內免費送機票上門：不是We give you tickets free of charge within one hour.(應為We offer free delivery of your air tickets within one hour after your booking confirmation.)

四、要善於仔細地、深入地、準確地理解中文原文的意思。

這是因為準確的理解是做好翻譯的`前提。例如，摸着石頭過河：不是crossing the river by feeling the stones。(而是wade across the stream by feeling the way )正確的做法應該是按照下面的步驟去做：

1.“摸着石頭過河”的字面意思如何理解?

2.它有什麼暗含或延伸的意思?

3.英語裏有沒有相同或類似的説法?.如果有，就可以直接借用;如果沒有，是進行直譯還是意譯?

4.如果直譯為 crossing the river by feeling the stones是否能被外國人理解?

5.過河是乘船過(crossing by boat)還是淌水過(wading across)，動詞用什麼形式?

6.這裏的河是大河、中河還是小河 (river, stream, brook, etc.)?

7.摸的方式是用手摸還是用腳觸?

8.石頭是大石頭還是小石頭(rock, stone, pebble, etc.)?

9.如果意譯為 learning by experiment / by trial and error是否可取?

10.直譯和意譯相結合wading across the stream by feeling the way如何?

五、有時候中文字面的意思表達不充分，部分信息被省略了或被隱藏起來了。

例如，特區是個窗口，是技術的窗口，管理的窗口，知識的窗口，也是對外政策的窗口。不是：The special zone is a window. It is a widow for introducing technology, management and knowledge. It is also a window for foreign policy. 而是The special economic zones are a window opening onto the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate China’s external policies.

再如，退耕還林：不是return farmland to forest，而應該是restore “woodland-converted farm-plots” back for afforesting 。春運：不是spring transportation，而是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival。

六、有些中文詞語沒有什麼特殊涵義，而與之相對應的英文詞語卻有着特殊的涵義。

例如，與“便宜”、“價廉”相對應的“cheap,”它有時候會帶有貶義，成為“質次價低”的意，如cheap jewelries, cheap dresses, cheap furniture 等。我們可以説I bought a cheap watch for my child，對小孩無所謂;但不能説I bought a cheap dress for my girlfriend. 因為這樣説會冒犯對方。在後一種情況下必須用inexpensive一詞。

七、避免用中式英語進行表達，而要儘量用地道的英語進行表達。

假如我們要把“我過去學過一些法語，但現在都忘了，都還給老師了”這句話翻譯成英語，最好不要説 I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it. I’ve returned it to the teacher. 比較好的説法是 I used to know some French, but I’ve forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.

再比如我們要用英語説“我攢了一大堆贓衣服，等着週末來洗，”最好不要説I have accumulated a large amount of dirty clothes. I’m going to wash them at the weekend. 比較好的説法是 I have a lot of laundry to catch up at the weekend.

八、根據不同場合，英語的表達有莊重(formal) 與隨意(informal) 之分。

比如“禁止吸煙”(No Smoking)、“請勿吸煙”(Thank you for not smoking) 和“為了您和他人的健康，請勿在此吸煙”(For hygiene’s sake, please refrain yourself from smoking in this room.)下面兩組例子中都各包含有formal- normal - informal 三種文體風格(style):

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