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Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators and early-warningsoftware aimed at offering heart patients greater51 from sudden death from cardiac arrest.

In Germany alone around 100, 000 people die annually 52 a result of cardiac arrest andmany of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart's rhythm. Those most at53 arepatients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proveduseful in 54life-threatening disruption to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically byintervening within seconds. These devices 55 on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker (起搏器).

Heart specialists at Freiburg's University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with animplanted defibrillator56of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within thebody. This integrated system allows 57diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pendingheart attack. It will be implanted in58for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers atthe Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computersoftware that59the evaluation of ECG data more precise.

The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator andmust for this60undergo regular ECGs. "Many of the current programs only get into61a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use in a non-linear process62revealsthe chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system," Hagen Knaf says. "In this waychanges in the heart63 over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients takeninto account." An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had64a subsequentheart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluatesthe65considerably better.

51. A. service

B. discount

C. protection

D. advice

52. A. for

B. as

C. with

D. in

53. A. last

B. all

C. once

D. risk

54. A. leading

B. causing

C. diagnosing

D. repeating

55. A. put

B. go

C. take

D. keep

56. A. worthy

B. full

C. proud

D. capable

57. A. final

B. differential

C. usual

D. early

58. A. doctors

B. researchers

C. patients

D. nurses

59. A. carries

B. has

C. requires

D. makes

60. A. reason

B. purpose

C. treatment

D. chance

61. A. account

B. trouble

C. confusion

D. effort

62. A. what

B. that

C. since

D. it

63. A. beats

B. failures

C. attacks

D. shapes

64. A. suffered

B. launched

C. avoided

D. started

65. A. option

B. method

C. proposal

D. data