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PHP中trait的使用方法介绍

PHP中trait的使用方法介绍

说通俗点,PHP中使用trait关键字是为了解决一个类既想集成基类的属性和方法,又想拥有别的基类的方法,而trait一般情况下是和use搭配使用的。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的`PHP中trait的使用方法介绍,希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!

PHP中trait的使用方法介绍

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123456789101112131415161718192021222324trait Drive {public $carName = 'trait';public function driving() {echo "driving {$this->carName}n";}}class Person {public function eat() {echo "eatn";}}class Student extends Person {use Drive;public function study() {echo "studyn";}}$student = new Student();$student->study();$student->eat();$student->driving();?>

输出结果如下:

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123studyeatdriving trait

上面的例子中,Student类通过继承Person,有了eat方法,通过组合Drive,有了driving方法和属性carName。

如果Trait、基类和本类中都存在某个同名的属性或者方法,最终会保留哪一个呢?

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123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627trait Drive {public function hello() {echo "hello driven";}public function driving() {echo "driving from driven";}}class Person {public function hello() {echo "hello personn";}public function driving() {echo "driving from personn";}}class Student extends Person {use Drive;public function hello() {echo "hello studentn";}}$student = new Student();$student->hello();$student->driving();?>

输出结果如下:

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12hello studentdriving from drive

因此得出结论:当方法或属性同名时,当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait的 方法,而 trait 的方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。

如果要组合多个Trait,通过逗号分隔 Trait名称:

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1use Trait1, Trait2;

如果多个Trait中包含同名方法或者属性时,会怎样呢?答案是当组合的多个Trait包含同名属性或者方法时,需要明确声明解决冲突,否则会产生一个致命错误。

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123456789101112131415161718192021trait Trait1 {public function hello() {echo "Trait1::hellon";}public function hi() {echo "Trait1::hin";}}trait Trait2 {public function hello() {echo "Trait2::hellon";}public function hi() {echo "Trait2::hin";}}class Class1 {use Trait1, Trait2;}?>

输出结果如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

PHP Fatal error: Trait method hello has not been applied, because there are collisions with other trait methods on Class1 in ~/php54/trait_ on line 20

使用insteadof和as操作符来解决冲突,insteadof是使用某个方法替代另一个,而as是给方法取一个别名,具体用法请看代码:

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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041trait Trait1 {public function hello() {echo "Trait1::hellon";}public function hi() {echo "Trait1::hin";}}trait Trait2 {public function hello() {echo "Trait2::hellon";}public function hi() {echo "Trait2::hin";}}class Class1 {use Trait1, Trait2 {Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;}}class Class2 {use Trait1, Trait2 {Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;Trait2::hi as hei;Trait1::hello as hehe;}}$Obj1 = new Class1();$Obj1->hello();$Obj1->hi();echo "n";$Obj2 = new Class2();$Obj2->hello();$Obj2->hi();$Obj2->hei();$Obj2->hehe();?>

输出结果如下:

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1234567Trait2::helloTrait1::hiTrait2::helloTrait1::hiTrait2::hiTrait1::hello

as关键词还有另外一个用途,那就是修改方法的访问控制:

Trait 也能组合Trait,Trait中支持抽象方法、静态属性及静态方法,测试代码如下:

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1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435trait Hello {public function sayHello() {echo "Hellon";}}trait World {use Hello;public function sayWorld() {echo "Worldn";}abstract public function getWorld();public function inc() {static $c = 0;$c = $c + 1;echo "$cn";}public static function doSomething() {echo "Doing somethingn";}}class HelloWorld {use World;public function getWorld() {return 'get World';}}$Obj = new HelloWorld();$Obj->sayHello();$Obj->sayWorld();echo $Obj->getWorld() . "n";HelloWorld::doSomething();$Obj->inc();$Obj->inc();?>

输出结果如下:

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123456HelloWorldget WorldDoing something12

标签: PHP trait
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