定语从句难点分析

定语从句一个重要语法内容，我们来看看应该怎么学习！

定语从句难点分析

首先要理解定语从句的概念——修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。看个例子：she is the girl (whom) I met at the party.

从定义我们得出

1） 从句是跟在名词或代词之后的，并起修饰作用。

2）从句部分须缺成分，所缺的成分由先行词充当。分析先行词在从句中所充当的成分来确定用关系代词还是关系副词。

例句中先行词返回从句应为：I metthe girlat the party.

The girl在从句中作宾语，因此用关系代词whom或省略。

咱们在来分析一个句子：I will never forget the day ____ I went to university

先行词the day返回从句应为：I went to universityon the day.The day在从句中作时间状语，因此用when或on which.

再来看一下几种定语从句中的稍难现象。

1.关系代词前有时会出现加介词的'情况，如何选择介词？

e.g: The man ____ she is married is an engineer.

和她结婚的那个人是个工程师。

把先行词the man返回从句为：she is married to the man.

和某人结婚的固定搭配为：be married to sb因此介词to不能丢。

先行词为人，用介词＋whom.先行词为物，用介词＋which

答案为：to whom

再看几组：

①This is the book _____ I spent five yuan.

②This is the book______I paid five yuan.

③This is the book_____I learnt a lot.

完整的从句分别为：I spent five yuanonthe book

I paid five yuanforthe book

I learnt a lotfromthe book

答案为：①on which②for which③from which

由此我们可以看出正确的介词是根据从句所要表达的意思和它的固定搭配选择的。

的用法

1) As用于限定性定语从句时，只用在such ,the same的后面。请看例句：

ll repeat such points as are discussed in the book.

a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.

is not the same playboy as we knew.

2) As引导的非限定性定语从句指代整个句子可位于句首，而which只能位于句末。

e.g: a. As is known to all, the earth is round.

earth is round, which/as is known to all.

这里区别开三个常考句式：

①Itis known to allthatthe earth is round.主语从句

②Asis known to all,the earth is round定语从句

③Whatis known to allis thatthe earth is round主语从句表语从句

3．定语从句中出现插入语（sb thinksb knowsb believesb suppose）

时，这类插入语不计入成分。

e.g:He is the boy____ you think is mary′s brother.

A whoB whomC /D whose

先行词为the boy ,you think作为插入语不计入成分，那么the boy就作为从句的主语。答案为A.在做此类含插入语的定语从句是，可直接将插入语删掉，在看先行词在从句中作甚么成分以确定关系词。

4．以疑问句开始的定语从句需把疑问句先变成陈述句以确定先行词。

e.g:①Is this the factory____ your father works.

A thatBwhereCon whichD that one

②Is this factory_____ we visited last year.

A whereBin whichCthe oneD at which

第一句变成陈述句为：This is the factory____ your father works.

先行词为the factory,返回从句中应为：your father works in the factory

因此the factory作了从句的地点状语，选B.

第二句变为陈述句为：this factory is____ _____ we visited last year.

主句缺表语，也就是说从句缺先行词。在先行词之后还需关系词。那么，这个题需要先补充先行词再确定关系词。根据句意：这个工厂就是去年我们参观过的工厂。先行词应为the factory.为了避免重复，我们用the one代替。先行词返回从句应在visited之后作宾语。这样，关系词可用which/that或不填。答案为C.因此，做此类题时应先把一般疑问句变为陈述句以确定先行词再做。

引起的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

来看两个例子：①The news ______ he told us was very exicting.

②He has brought us the news ____ our team has won the game.

AwhatB asC thatD where

这两个从句前都为名词，有别于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和状语从句。

有必要进行比较。第一句的从句缺成分，完整从句为：he told us the news.

需要the news作从句的宾语，因此，第一句为定语从句，答案为which/that

或不填。第二句中从句不需要the news充当成分，从句完整并且是对the news

的解释说明，因而此句为同位语从句。只能由that连接。这两题都选that,

但在第一句中它有指代作用且可以省略。而在第二句中that只起连接作用

不能省略。

6.定语从句与并列句的区别。

并列句有and, so, but等并列连词连接或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能用引导定语从句的关系词了。

e.g：①MrLi has three daughters, None of____is an engineer.

②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.

③Mr Li has three daughters;______ are doctors.

从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故用whom ;②小题有but,是并列句，故填代词them;③小题是两个并列分句，无需连接词，缺主语，故用none或they.

7.区分where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句

若是定语从句，则where前必有被修饰的表示地点的名词；若where前没有名词则视为地点状语从句。请比较：

①you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.

定语从句

②you had better make a mark where you have any questions.

地点状语从句