定語從句的關係代詞

引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞，而定語從句的關係代詞又有什麼呢?

引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞，常見的關係代詞包括that， which， who(賓格whom，所有格whose)，as等;關係副詞包括where， when， why等。關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連線作用。關係詞起3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。

本單元學習關係代詞引導的定語從句。

　　1. who指人，在從句中做主語

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：關係代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中有的時候常用who代替，並且可以省略。如：

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

→ The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

→ Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

　　4. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　5. that指人時，相當於who或者whom;指物時，相當於which。在定語從

句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略

The number of the people that/who visit the city each year rises one million.

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000.

It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house.

The boy(whom/that/who)we saw yesterday was John’s brother.

The car(which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

關係代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語，因此定語從句不能再出現關係代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。如：

(誤)The story(that/which)you told me it yesterday is interesting.

(正)The story(that/which)you told me yesterday is interesting.

昨天你給我講的`那個故事很有趣。

That 和which在定語從句中指物時，常常可以互換。但下面幾種特殊情況，不能互換，只能用that, 不用which.

1)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高階時，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一個通過考試的人。

2)被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

你在商店裡有什麼東西要買嗎?

3)先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.

這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

4)先行詞裡同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

5)以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重複，只能用that. 例如：

Who is the girl that is crying?

正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

6)主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本書是湯姆的。