2023年会考英语常用的不规则动词形态记忆法

在英语词汇中，不规则动词的记忆是比较困难的，虽然学习英语是要记要背，但死记硬背终归不是最佳途径，下面小编为大家搜索整理了关于会考英语常用的不规则动词形态记忆法!

★记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：

一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt

let—let—let

put—put—put

read—read—read

set—set—set

shut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)

1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)

bring—brought—brought

buy—bought—bought

think—thought—thought

2.词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。(4个)

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

4.把-eep变为-ept。(3个)

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep—swept—swept

5.把-ell变为-old。(2个)

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

feel—felt—felt

spill—spilt—spilt

7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

hear—heard—heard

9.改变元音字母。(11个)

meet—met—met

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find—found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine—shone—shone

win—won—won

hang—hung—hung

dig—dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

10.改变辅音字母。(1个)

make—made—made

11.改变元、辅音字母。(4个)

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have(has)—had—had

understand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)

1.i—a—u变化。(6个)

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

2.词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow—grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

3.词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give，hide除外)

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4.过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)

break—broke—broken

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)

forget—forgot—forgotten

6.过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)

be—was(were)—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden(hid)

7.词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。(1个)

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)

come—came—come

become—became—become

run—ran—run

六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。(4个)

can—could

may—might

will—would

shall—should

★记忆法二：

学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同：

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)

二、原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：

beat/beat/beaten

三、原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：

come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run

(come，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed)

四、过去式，过去分词相同：

(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed

(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept

(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t

spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt

(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾

catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought

buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought

(5)将stand改为stood

stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood

(6)将ay改为aid

lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said

(7)将d改为t

lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent

spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built

(8)将i改为a,o,u等

sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat

dig/dug/dugwin/won/won

(9)将ell改为old

tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold

(10)词尾加t

learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的：

learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned

light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted

(12)其它

have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost

hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)

find/found/foundmake/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同：

(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn

(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词

begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk

(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾

drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written

rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden

(4)原形后加n变成过去分词

drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten

give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen

(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词

break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken

take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten

go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen

wear/wore/worn

六、有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken

七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：

shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：

shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死

八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词

lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

lay放，下蛋laid/laid/laying

find找到、发现find/found/found

found创建，成立found/founded/founded

九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

(一)词义相对：

(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去

(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得

(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)

或wake/waked/waked醒来

(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉

(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖

(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来

(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned学习、学会

(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到

win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到

(二)词义相近：

(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜

(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解

know/knew/known知道,了解,认识

(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得

become/became/become变成,成为,变得

go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成

(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过

pay/paid/paid支付、交纳

cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

take/took/taken花费

(5)say/said/said说、讲

speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

★记忆法三：

1.无变化，过去式与原形相同。

let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut

(shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)

2.元音字母的变化。

i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank

i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,

(strive→strovearise→arose)

i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)

a→oo:take→took,shake→shook

e→o:get→got,forget→forgot

o→a:come→came,become→became

oo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose

3.元音字母组合的变化。

aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew

4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。

(1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold

(2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid

(3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept

(4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought

(5)catch→caught,teach→taught

(6)can→could,will→would,shall→should

5.辅音字母变化。

(1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent

(2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard

(3)mean→meant,learn→learnt

记住以上内容，英语不提升就怪了!一定要坚持呀!

会考英语的不规则动词形态记忆法 1

类型划分

⒈A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式）过去式，过去分词

cost cost cost 花费

put put put 放下

read read read 读(读音是ABB型)

hurt hurt hurt 伤

⒉A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten打

⒊A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come来

become became become变

⒋A---B---B型

⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt学习

⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built建筑

lend lent lent借给

⑶其他

pay paid paid付

lay laid laid下蛋

会考英语的不规则动词形态记忆法 2

不规则英语动词的词形变化

定义：动词由原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词（Irregular Verbs）。

现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化，例如：

park→parked （停车──1864）

fax→faxed （以传真传送──1979）

e-mail→e-mailed （以电脑网络传送──1982）

（所附年次为最早用例出现年次──O.E.D.）

因此，不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法，也不可能规避这些不规则动词。

从英语的演变来看，不规则动词就是强势动词（strong Verbs）──即其词形变化全依其本身之语音（尤其是元音）变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如：

原形： buy sing speak

过去式： bought sang spoke

过去分词： bought sung spoken

而每一型式的变化都有其类群，例如：

buy bought bought （买）

bring brought brought （带来）

fight fought fought （作战）

think thought thought （想）

sing sang sung （唱）

drink drank drunk （喝）

swim swam swum （游泳）

begin began begun （开始）

speak spoke spoken （说）

break broke broken （打破）

steal stole stolen （偷）

freeze froze frozen （冷冻）

因此我们学习不规则动词的时候，最有效的`方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象，了解其变化的型式，发出声音背念，使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing，这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。

注：与强势动词相对，须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词（Weak Verbs）

会考英语的不规则动词形态记忆法 4

AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致

原形 过去式 过去分词 词义

cut cut cut 切、割

shut shut shut 关、闭（门窗）

put put put 放置

let let let 让

set set set 设置

hit hit hit 撞击

hurt hurt hurt 受伤；疼痛

cost cost cost 值…钱；花费

read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] 朗读；阅读

AAB型 过去式与原形一致

beat beat beaten 击败

ABA型 过去分词与原形一致

run ran run 跑步；逃跑

come came come 来

become became become 变得；成为

ABB型 过去式与过去分词一致

buy bought bought 买

fight fought fought 打架；打仗

think thought thought 想；认为

seek sought sought 寻找；探究

bring brought brought 带来

catch caught caught 抓住；接住

teach taught taught 教；教书

lend lent lent 借出

send sent sent 送；派遣

spend spent spent 花费（时间、金钱）

build built built 建设；建立

feel felt felt 感觉；摸起来

leave left left 离开

keep kept kept 保持；保留

sleep slept slept 睡觉

oversleep overslept overslept 睡过头

sweep swept swept 打扫

mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] 意思是

learn learnt / learned learnt /learned 学；学会

burn burnt / burned burnt / burned 燃烧；烧伤

hear [hiE] heard [hE:d] heard [hE:d] 听见

lead led led 领导；致使

mislead misled misled 把…引错方向

feed fed fed 喂养；喂食

flee fled fled 逃跑

meet met met 遇见；碰到

shoot shot shot 射击

light lit / lighted lit / lighted 点燃

get got got 获得；得到

win won won 获胜；赢得

sit sat sat 坐下

dig dug dug 挖掘

stick stuck stuck 刺；戳

hang hung hung 悬挂

hang hanged hanged 绞死

sell sold sold 出售

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt smelt 闻；嗅

spell spelt spelt 拼写

hold held held 拿着；握住

find found found 找到；发现

stand stood stood 站立

understand understood understood 理解

lay laid laid 下蛋

pay paid paid 付款

say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] 说

have /has had had 有

make made made 制作

shine shone / shined shone / shined 照耀

lose [lu:z] lost [lRst] lost [lRst] 丢失

ABC型 原形、过去式、过去分词不一致

begin began begun 开始

drink drank drunk 喝；饮

ring rang rung 铃（响）；打电话

sing sang sung 唱歌

sink sank sunk 下沉

swim swam swum 游泳

blow blew blown 吹；刮风

fly flew flown 飞；放（风筝）

know knew [nju:] known 知道；懂得

grow grew grown 种植；生长

throw threw thrown 扔；投

draw drew drawn 绘画

show showed shown 出示；给…看

break broke broken 打破；不服从

speak spoke spoken 说话

steal stole stolen 偷

choose chose chosen 选择

freeze froze frozen 冻结

wake woke woke / woken 醒来；唤醒

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

take took taken 拿走

mistake mistook mistaken 错拿

shake shook shaken 摇动；握（手）

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下；摔倒

rise rose risen [rizn] 上升；上涨

drive drove driven [drivn] 驾驶

give gave given 给

forgive forgave forgiven 原谅

see saw seen 看见

ride rode ridden 骑（车、马）

hide hid hidden 躲藏

bite bit bitten 咬

forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止；不许

write wrote written 书写

bear bore born 忍受

tear tore torn 撕破

wear wore worn 穿、戴（衣帽等）

am / is was been 是

are were been 是

do / does did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺；卧

情态动词的过去式

must must 必须

can could 能够；会

shall should 应当

will would 将；会