2016会考英语知识点-数词
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数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。那么会考英语知识点数词语法有哪些要点呢?下面跟本站小编一起来看看吧!
Ⅰ.直击会考
数词分为两种:基数词和序数词,表示人或事物数量多少的数词,叫基数词,如one,two,three,ten;表示人或事物的顺序的数词叫序数词,如first,second,third,fourth等。在会考中主要考查的是:
(1)基数词、序数词、分数词、小数、百分数、倍数的表达;
(2)日期、时刻、年代、年龄的表示法;
(3)掌握表数目的名词(如dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等)的有关用法,以及“许多”的表示法。平时备考时,考生应将用基数词或序数词表示物的正确形式加以对比、归纳、总结、熟练掌握以及牢记常用的数位名词所表示的数目大小等。
Ⅱ.知识精讲
1)数词知识结构
2)数词知识点剖析:
A.基数词
1.基数词的构成及读法
①1-12的构成为独立单词
②13-19的构成都以后缀-teen结尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为不规则变化
③20-90的构成都以后缀-ty结尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty为不规则变化
④21-99的构成是在十位数和个位数之间加连字符- e.g.25 twenty-five
⑤三位数101-999的构成要注意百位数和十位数(个位数)之间用and连接。e.g.901 nine hundred and one
⑥英语中没有“万”这个单位,1000以上而不到100万的数词都用thousand表示
⑦百万 1,000,000:one (a) million
⑧千万 10,000,000:ten million
⑨亿 100,000,000:one (a) hundred million
⑩十亿 1,000,000,000:one (a) thousandmillion(等于美国英语a billion)
注:英语数字中,只有hundred后才加and
2.基数词的作用
①作主语 of the girls are from California.姑娘中有两个来自加州。
②作表语 is a little over five.他才五岁多一点。
③作宾语 me two.给我两个。
④作定语 river is about eighty miles long.这条河大约八十英尺长。
⑤作同位语 two take these seats.你们两个坐这里。
3.基数词的特殊用法
(1)表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时,用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如:
in the1990's 20世纪90年代;in one's twenties在某人20多岁时
(2)用在习语中。如:in twos and threes三三两两地
4.基数词的注意事项
(1)几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符"-"连接。如:
eighty-five85;twenty-six 26
(2)三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接。如:three hundred and sixty-five 365;two hundred and six 206
(3)基数词的复数形式。当基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时,必须用单数。如:
severalhundred year's ago几百年前;twothousand students两千个学生
B.序数词
1.序数词的构成
①序数词多数由"基数词-th"构成,序数词前一般加定冠词the
②少数序数词构成属特殊情况
-first two-second three-thirdfive-fifth
③以y结尾的十位整数,先将y改为i,再加-eth ty-thirtieth
④21以上的多位数,要将末位数改为序数词,前面其他位数仍用基数词ty-three—eighty-third
⑤序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成
t-1st second-2nd
2.序数词的用法
①作主语 third of the month was a holiday.
②作表语 was the third?
③作定语 live on the fifth floor.
④作宾语 e.g.I was among the first to learn of this.
⑤作同位语 is that man,thefirst in the front row?
⑥作状语 did you first meet him?
注:有时序数词并不指顺序,而是表示“再一,又一”的意思。此时序数词前要加不定冠词e.g.I want to make a second try.
3.序数词的应用
序数词应注意的几点事项:
1.多位数的基数词变成序数词时,只需将末位基数词变成序数词,前边的基数词不变。如:
forty-two 42 forty-second第42
nine-hundred 900 nine-hundredth第900
2.当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。
如:21st第21;32nd第32
3.序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示“又一;再一”(没有具体范围的限制)。如:
Though he had failed twice,he wanted to try a third time.
The little monkey had had three apples,and he wanted to eat a fourth one.
C.数词表示方法
1.年、月、日、时的写法和读法
①表示日期用序数词,前面加定冠词
e.g.3月8日 March the eighth
② 年份一般分为两部分读,先读前两位数,再读后两位数
e.g.1949 nineteenforty-nine
③ 以上时间合在一起的写法
e.g.1955年10月1日上午10点 10:00 ber 1st,1955
2.分数的表示法
分数由基数词和序数词构成,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子为1的情况,序数词都要用复数形式。带分数中的.整数用基数词表示,并用and和分数隔开。
e.g.14 one-fourths 3-25 three and two-fifths
3.小数、百分数的表示
1)小数的表示 e.g.6.4 six point four
2)表示百分数用"基数词+percent(per cent)"形式 e.g.50% fifty percent
4.年份和日期
1)年份的读法为每两位数读一个词。
如:1950读作nineteen fifty
1800读作eighteen hundred
2000读作two thousand
2)日期的读法有两种
(1)先月后日,日子要读成序数词。
如:9月29日可读作September(the) twenty-ninth
(2)先日后月,在月份之前加Of。
如:9月29日也可读作thetwenty-ninth of September
3)年月日同时出现,年代放在最后,年代前用逗号隔开。
如:2005年2月1日可写成the first ofFebruary ,2005或February( the) first,2005
5.时间和钟点
6:00读作six (o'clock)
7:30读作seven thirty/half past seven
9:45读作nine forty-five/a quarter to ten
2:15读作two fifteen/a quarter past two
6.编号的表达
1)事物名词(不加冠词)+基数词。
如:Lesson One,Part Three,ChannelFive,Gate Nine,,World War Ⅱ
2)定冠词+序数词+事物名词。
如:the first lesson,the third part,thefifth channel,the ninth gate,
7.加减乘除的英语表达
plus/and加,minus减,time/multiplied by乘,divided by除。如:
1)12 +8=? How much is twelve plus/and eight?
2)40—11=29,Fortyminus eleven is/equals twenty nine.
3)3×6 =18, Three times six is/equals eighteen.
4)56÷7=? How much is fifty-six divided by seven?
Ⅲ.精选易错试题
y year,_____ people go to visit their factory.
A.a thousand of
sands
sand of
sands of
答案:D
解析:数词hundred,thousand,million等后面跟of时,要变复数。排除C。thousand前接具体数字时,后面不能跟of,排除A。thousands后要加of,排除B 故选D
as just finished writing a _________ article.
-hundred-words
-hundreds-word
-hundred-word
-hundreds-words
答案:C
解析:考查复合形容词。带连词符的名词不加s。故选C
3._______people lost their homes in Japan’s earthquake.
thousands
sand
sands of
sand of
答案:C
解析:hundred,thousand 如果有具体数字修饰,用单数形式,表示具体数目。表示约数时,用hundreds of ,thousands of 的形式,表示“成百上千的”,“成千上万的”。句意:在日本地震中上千人失去了家园。故选C
year,I visited a chemical factory in Baise,there are about _____ workers in it.
thousands
thousand
thousands of
thousand of
答案:B
解析:thousands of 前面不加具体数词。故排除A 、C。thousand前接具体数字时,后面不能跟of,故排除D 。“六千名工人”的正确表达是“six thousand workers”。故选B
t_______ofthe students in our class were born in the____.
-thirds,1990s
-thirds,1990
-third,1990s
答案:A
解析:分数的分子用基数词,分母为序数词。分子不是一的,分母序数词加S。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故选A
6.—How often do you exercise?
—__________.
e nd
答案:B
解析:two二,为基数词;twice两次;second第二,为序数词。根据问句“你多久锻炼一次?”故选B
eacher said that__ of the boys would take part in the talent show.
e five
e fives
ds fifths
e fifths
答案:D
解析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子不是一的时候,分母要用序数词的复数形式。故选D
rrowis the boy’s ________ birthday.
nth
n
nteen
答案:A
解析:说某某人的第几岁生日时,要用序数词。B和C都是基数词,故选A
9.—Whichis the biggest number of the four?
—_________.
-third
-thirds
C.A half
D.A quarter
答案:C
解析:本题考查分数比值的大小。通过对比可知.故选C
10.—Excuseme,where can I buy a jacket?
—Youcan go to the Men's Wear Section on the_________ floor.
e nd
答案:C
解析:序数词的考查。The后面接序数词,意为“第……”.故选C
,everybody,please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________picture.
h;five
;fifth
h;fifth
;five
答案:B
解析:数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词前没有冠词,序数词前有定冠词the。故选B
12.I don’t believe that this _____ boy canpaint such a nice picture.
years old
-years-old
-year-old
答案:C
解析:five-year-old 这类复合词可以用作形容词,作前置定语。连字符号中间的名字要用单数。故选C
ballis so exciting that _____ people in the world play it.
ion of
ions of
millions of
答案:B
解析:当million与具体的数字连用时,用单数,而且其后也不接of;当millions不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后接of,然后才能接名词。
14.—Which room do they live in?
—They live in _________.
A.406 Room
Room 406
406
406 Room
答案:C
解析:表示编号用 名词+基数词。故选C
15.—How was your day off yesterday?
—Perfect! It was my grandma’s ________ had a big cake.
ty
tieth
eightieth
答案:B
解析:考查数词的用法。表示“某人多大生日”应该使用序数词,且不需要使用定冠词。故选B
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