教育硕士英语虚拟语气详解

1) 语气：

陈述，疑问，祈使，虚拟

2) 虚拟语气：表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望，动词需要用一种特殊形式。

形式分为三类：现在虚拟语气(动词用原形)，过去虚拟语气(动词用过去式，但动词be要用were)，过去完成形式(动词用过去完成时)。有些情态动词，如should, would, might常用在虚拟语气中。

3) 虚拟语气在条件句中的.用法：

虚拟条件句：就是包含条件从句的句子。

条件句分为：

真实条件句——有些条件句是可能实现的。

虚拟条件句——有些条件句是纯假象的句子。

If we leave now, we can still catch the train.

If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.

If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join the queue.

4) 表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件句：

⑴表示现在或将来的虚拟条件句——从句中的谓语(用过去式形式);主句谓语(would+动词原形)

If I had a map I would lend it to you.

If you left your bike outside, someone would steal it.

If I were you I’d plant some trees round the house.

注：If I were you句中，were不能改成was,但在第三人称单数后用was也可以。如：

If Helen were(was) here how nice it would be!

⑵主句谓语有时也可以由might, could构成。

If I could type, I might save a lot of time.

If he had a permit he could get a job.

⑶在条件句从句中有时还可以用were to +动词，或should+动词。

If he were (was) to resign, who would take his place?

If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you.

⑷在某些条件从句中(如were to +动词，should+动词)，if有时可以省略，这时语序要改为倒装。

Were I Tom, I would refuse.

Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.

Should she be interested, I’ll phone her.

⑸从句有时可以用If it were not for这种句型，表示“若不是”。

If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.