托福写作怎么样抓住主题段

写作是托福考试的一大重点，但是要怎么样做才能更好的抓住作文的主题段呢?今天就让小编带你来看看抓住托福写作主题段的方法，欢迎阅读。

　　托福作文主题段的写作技巧

方法一：举例----缩小范围来论证。

如动物→鸟类，现代交通方式→飞机，上面的举例是最简单的形式，即对单个词/短语，或说单个对象举例。我们在独立写作中会遇到对单个对象的举例，这也是大家都能做好的;但我们更常遇到的是需要对一个句子，或说多个对象互相联系而串成的观点举例的情况，这时我们就需要留意我们所举的例子的有效性了。

举例的基本原则：

a. 细节性原则----细于被举例者。

b. 一致性原则----良好体现与要用举例证明的观点的一致对应关系，观点中的重点信息应在例子中不多不少地体现。

举例的具体操作方法:

粗举，细举，引调查，列数字。

(1)粗例----粗犷的例子

"粗例"即一类人、物或事，或一个公认事实的例子，说白了就是多数人都能认可的信息。寻找这类例子的时候比较轻松，只要在观点中找出可以继续细化的重点信息然后"narrow down"就可以了

观点1： Employers are willing to pay a premium for highly qualified applicants.

粗例1： International companies desire bilingual employees and offer higher salaries to attract them.

"粗例"可以建立"面"对"线"的关系，但需要注意不能太空洞，同时也要控制使用的量;粗例子需要搭配因果分析、比较论证来使用，才能使整个段落更有血肉。

(2)细例----细致的例子

"细例"就是具体到一个人、一个物，或一件事，可以是实际存在的，也可以无中生有。这类例子更加鲜活，更有说服力，通常也能占据更长一些的篇幅，平时有意识地积累并灵活联系，写起这类例子来才会更加得心应手。

a. 实际存在的，一方面，这类例子可以是身边，家人、朋友、自己和身边发生的一些事情;另一方面就是名人和一些被报道出来的“名事”了

观点2： Mistakes serve as vivid, sometimes painful deterrents from certain action.

细例2： A friend of mine suffering from smoking-induced lung disease would remember the emotional and physical pain associated with the side-effects of tobacco usage. Not only does he recall the smell of hospitals, the imprint of pain on the face of someone who died from smoking, but he would also link these memories immediately with cigarettes.

观点3： You cannot judge a person only by his or her appearance.

细例3： Susan Boyle is one of those. Such an appearance has long been rumored, but her incredible voice and stunning performance on BGT has won her great popularity.

b. 此外，"细例"的.无中生有就是假设论证，常用if，supposing等开头

观点4： Individuals play a significant role in alleviating traffic congestion.

细例4： If 30 people get on a public bus instead of 30 individual cars, there will be far fewer automobiles on the road, greatly easing the traffic burden.

"细例"可以建立"面"对"点"的关系，读者容易理解，但也要注意不能太松散，应紧扣要证明的观点，明显突出观点中的重点信息，宁缺毋滥;细例子有时自身的字数貌似就已经可以撑起一个段落，但即便如此也一定不能把例子描述完就完了，必要的动作是在最后加上一两句总结或评论。

举例子的方法除了上述的粗例和细例，有的时候还可以引用科学数据或者调查报告的结论。大家也可以在平时的练习中总结一些好的例子以备不时之需。

　　托福写作练习素材：人们成功的若干原因

"When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success." Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

参考分析：

指出可能导致人们成功的若干原因：诚实、睿智、幽默;执著;肯于做不喜欢的事情。

There is a humorous saying in English "The grass is always greener on the other side of the valley." The saying is used ironically to point out that there is a temptation in us all to insist that others are more fortunate than we are. This is nowhere more true than on the question of luck and hard work. When faced with the "bad times", we often find comfort in the idea that we are special in our degree of misfortune. I feel that such an attitude is negative, and that it can bring only further misfortune.

Many famously successful people have begun from small origins. Mao was the son of a (modestly prosperous) peasant; the explorer Captain Cook was so poor that, as a child, he had to work by day and study by night; many of the affluent Americans of today are the children of the poor immigrants of yesterday. Beethoven, it should be remembered, became deaf before the end of his career. There are many, many more people who have also made genuine, though Jess spectacular, successes against the odds.

Within his own terms, a person who is born into poverty in India is a great success if he manages to own a house in later life. Poverty cannot be reduced by merely complaining and blaming others: no matter how guilty other people are, each individual must reach out to success for himself. Indeed, some economists believe that the world operates by what they call "the rule of the jungle." They believe that in economics a person always attempts to gain profit from his neighbor: that given the chance the poor man would quickly make himself rich by trading to his own advantage.

Also, it is presumptuous to judge another according to his or her apparent fortune. No man can ever truly understand the sufferings of his neighbor. A man who appears comfortably rich may have suffered elsewhere in his life - through the death of a loved one, for example. Retired businessmen have often worked long hours in their youth. Surely, it must be wiser to respect achievement than to deny that anyone has achieved good in the world.

To rely on notions of luck - to believe that life is a kind of lottery - is an attempt to escape reality. Paradoxically, the only time a person can claim that luck is more important than work is when he reflects on his own success. Because of that modesty, the great man then becomes even greater.

　　托福作文复习材料：大城市和小城镇

Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

参考分析：

陈述自己的偏好，列出大城市和小城镇的优缺点。

I grew up in a small town and then moved to a big city, therefore I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was proved wrong. After ten years of living in one, I can't imagine ever living in a small town again.

Small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transportation, but in different ways. In a small town, you have to own a car to ensure a comfortable living. You can't get around without one because there isn't any kind of public transportation. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but then you have a choice of taking public transportation. It's not free, but it's often cheaper than driving when you consider gas and insurance. Especially if you don't have a car, you're better off living in a city.

I love the excitement of big cities. Small towns have a slow pace. Large cities mean you have to adapt to a variety of situations, like finding a new route to work or trying a new restaurant. I enjoy that challenge very much. Another aspect of the excitement of city living is the variety of cultural activities available. There is a wide assortment of theatres, music and dance performances available in big cities. These things are rare in small towns.

The final thing I like about large cities is the diversity of the people. The United States is made up of people of different races, religions, abilities, and interests. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in a small US town. Living in an area where everyone is just like me would quickly make me bored. Of course, security is a concern, and that's one area where small towns are superior to big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more cautious and live in a large city than to feel secure but bored in a small town.

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