英文翻译4句

1、Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm praise to old cash,affect motivation and viorists,who study the relation between actions and,argue that rewards can improve performance at work and other researchers who study various aspects of mental life,maintain those rewards often destroy creativity byencouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.?

2、The latter view has gained many supporters,especially among the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness,according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.?

3、If they know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task,they show the most creativity,says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.?

4、A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students,Esenberger an example of the latter point,he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.?