英语四级阅读理解的题型解析

想要大学英语四级考试的阅读理解部分能考高分，那就得先了解阅读的各类题型。为此本站小编为大家解析大学英语四级考试的阅读理解的各类题型。

　　英语四级阅读理解的题型：词汇题

(1)、词汇题表现形式

词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。

(2)、词汇题解题方法

词汇题是考生得分率较低的一类题，因为它需要考生从上下文中进行分析，推敲单词背后的意思。问单词或词组的意思，加强调上下文逻辑分析;有时用转折逻辑，但更多是利用并列逻辑，比如1997年1月份考题，

原文：This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.

60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to .

A) the wonderland one often dreams about

B) the bright future that one is looking forward to

C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached

D) a world that exists only in one's imagination

此题解法有多种，其中可以利用并列关系来求解。首先，and后面的句子告诉我们“任何有梦想的人必须要学会在那里生活”，这暗含了“那里”不好的环境。再从and可知，两个分句的逻辑是一致的，据此Shadowland也应该是不利的环境，故选择C项。

考句子的含义，查找答案的方向还得做一个细分：如果句子简单，一般在上下文中寻找答案;如果句子复杂，则更加倾向于在句子内部找答案。

(3)、词汇题注意点

如果考简单单词，正确答案会与该单词的常用意思没有多大关系;如果考难词，感觉很难有分析的线索时，就把四个选项代到原文中，使得原文逻辑正确，意思同学的为正确答案;如果考句子的含义而导致分析完全没有思路时，不妨结合文章问题来分析，可以体现主题，或与主题的逻辑一致，一般就是答案。

　　英语四级阅读理解的题型：推理题

1. 题型特点

该题型最大的两个特点：(1)文章中往往没有答题的依据;(2)一旦文中有依据，往往A,B,C,D表面上都对，很难判断谁是谁非。

正确项特点：

(1)不是文中明确说明的内容，因为即使符合原文，没有引申或归纳总结的内容就不是正确选项; (2)如果四个选项全能凭常识判断，其中含义深刻的是正确选项，有时唯一不是常识项的是正确选项。

干扰项的特点：

(1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当成间接推理;

(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的;

(3)根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的'观点，因此，考生要注意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生理解作者意图的能力;(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头，概括过度;(5)有部分选项的内容纯属编造，无中生有。

抓住三错一对的关系，即有三个选项与原文相矛盾，只有一个符合原文的意思。

2. 标志

题干中出现下列词汇之一：infer，conclude，imply，suggest，learn等。

3. 命题模式

推理引申题题干中常有infer，imply，suggest，deduce，indicate，conclude等词出现，常见的命题模式有：

(1) It can be inferred from the first paragraph that…

(2) Which of the following can(not)be inferred from the passage? (3) The author indicates in the passage that 。 (4) It can be concluded from the passage that 。 (5) We can infer(assume ,deduce) that。

(6) By…the author implied (suggests, indicates) that。

4. 做题关键

返回原文，将选项与原文一一进行比较。

5. 做题步骤

推理题的答案一般是这么编写的：

(1) 将原文的某句话换个说法，如换成同义词。

(2) 将原文几句话或一段话归纳一下，就是说以段落主题或句群的论点为答案。

(3) 由构成对比的一方推断另一方。如果原文中提到两个事物，二者形成对比，而且已知其中一个事物的特点，那么可以推断另一事物的特点。所以，找推理题的答案时要特别注意原文表示对比、比较或有转折的地方，这些往往是出推理题的地方。

(4) 根据作者的态度进行推理。推理题如果涉及态度，一般应与作者的态度一致。正确答案应该支持作者的观点或驳斥与作者相反的观点。

6. 注意事项

(1) 考生在浏览全文时，一要留意那些似乎话中有话的间接表达句。它们往往采用说半句、打比喻、反过来讲的方式，留有让考生自己作结论或推理的余地。二是留意含义深刻或结构复杂的长难句型。考生对作者表达的意思不能一下子看透，它们往往是命题点所在。

(2) 根据题干的关键词迅速搜索定位以便确定推理依据的范围，利用语法、词汇、语境线索，了解单句的含义，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，然后按题意进行推理。题目可能要求考生对某句话或数句话进行正确理解或释义，也可能从某句话或某段话中深刻理解，分析一些细节事实。

7. 新趋势

推理题按照难易可以分为：简单推理题和复杂推理题。而后一种推理题是近几年命题的趋势。

　　英语四级阅读理解的题型练习

Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.

Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since thisgreatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

1. The passage is mainly about____.

A) the uses of life preservers

B) the design of life preservers

C) the materials for life preservers

D) the buoyancy of life preservers

2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.

A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.

A) with as few strings as possible

B) capable of being worn on both sides

C) according to each wearer's size

D) comfortable and light to wear

4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.

A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver

B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver

C) who uses a life preserver without permission

D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

A) The waves would move him backwards.

B) The water would choke him.

C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.

D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

答案解析:

1. B。文章主要讲述了救生衣的设计。间接题型段首主旨题。C项和D项都是对救生衣设计中设计材料的说明。A项为陷阱，指救生衣的用途，尽管开头提到，但范围不着边际。故只有B是正确选项。

2. D。根据文章，救生衣首先会自动扶正。事实细节题。本文第三段主要讨论救生衣落水位置，应设计的能“自动扶正”,或稍向后仰。B项是对材料的描述，范围太窄，而A和C不合题意，因此D是正确答案。

3. C。美国海岸巡逻队不需要救生衣根据穿戴者的尺寸生产。事实细节题。A项和B项都涉及method，其相关部分见最后一段第三句，A，B，D三项都是文章中提及的，C项与本题无关的内容，因此应该选C。

4. A。“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。语义指代题。根据文章最后一段第一句，我们可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正确选项。

5. D。如果一个人没有正确使用救生衣，就会发生什么?细节辨别题。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本题中的 in a wrong position相对应。因此选项D“他可能太累了或者是已经失去知觉”是正确答案。

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