黑暗版翻译英语真题解析

Is it truethat the American intellectual isrejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggestthat it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observedthat it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America,who have become anti-intellectual.

First, the object ofour study pleads for is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who haselected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking inSocratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores suchproblem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first byasking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggestingaction which seems appropriate in thelight of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) Hisfunction is analogous to that of ajudge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possiblethe course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

This definitionexcludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals-the averagescientist for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while hisaccomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has notbeen charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of thoseproblems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routineduties-he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, ordoctor his reports.

(49) But his primary task is not to think aboutthe moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman isexpected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct inbusiness. During most of his walking life he will take his code forgranted, as the businessman takes hisethics.

The definition alsoexcludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching hastraditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) Theymay teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them makelittle or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moraljudgment.

This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in somebranch of human knowledge is one thing; living in "public and industriousthoughts," as Emerson would say, is something else.